00:00:02>> COULD AFTERNOON, LADIES AND
GENTLEMEN.
00:00:05WELCOME TO THE BEAUTIFUL A OHIO
STATE HOUSE.
00:00:09WE LIKE TO CALL AT THE PEOPLE'S
HOUSE.
00:00:12WE ARE CELEBRATING 150 YEARS OF
THIS GREAT BUILDING SERVING AS
00:00:17THE HEART OF ALL HIGH A
DEMOCRACY, THE END ACTUALLY, WE
00:00:21ARE SEATED ON WHAT USED TO BE
THE EAST TERRACE OF THE STATE
00:00:26HOUSE.
IT WAS RIGHT HERE IN 1859-
00:00:29ABRAHAM LINCOLN SPOKE TO A
CROWD OF ABOUT THIS SIZE, AND WE
00:00:34HAVE PRESIDENT LINCOLN WITH US
TODAY, CELEBRATING THROUGHOUT --
00:00:41CELEBRATING.
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR WE HAVE BEEN
00:00:43CELEBRATING THE IS GREATER FIRST
DAY OF BARS WITH A NUMBER OF
00:00:47SPECIAL EVENTS, AND TODAY WE --
THIS GREAT BIRTHDAY OF HOURS
00:00:54WITH A NUMBER OF SPECIAL EVENTS,
AND TODAY WE ARE ONE TO PROVIDE
00:00:57SOME MUSIC AND HISTORY.
THE MAKE IT COUPLE OF COMMENTS
00:01:01ABOUT THE STATE HOUSE AND THE
HISTORY OF THIS GREAT BUILDING.
00:01:04I HAVE THE BEST JOB IN THE
WORLD.
00:01:09I AM ESSENTIALLY THE GUY THAT
GETS TO THROW OPEN THE DOORS AND
00:01:13WALKING TO THE PEOPLE'S HOUSE.
THAT IS THE BEST WAY TO DESCRIBE
00:01:17MY JOB.
A COUPLE OF LITTLE THINGS THAT I
00:01:20WANT TO MENTION -- IF YOU ARE
NOT ALREADY ON OUR MAILING LIST
00:01:25RECEIVING A MONTHLY E-MAIL ABOUT
ALL OF OUR EVENTS THAT TAKE
00:01:28PLACE -- MOST OF THEM ARE FREE
-- PLEASE SIGN UP ON OUR
00:01:33WEBSITE, OHIOSTATEHOUSE.ORG.
I ALSO HAVE BEEN -- HOPE YOU
00:01:44HAVE THE ABILITY TO TAKE A TOUR.
YOU WILL FIND OUR MUSEUM SHOP.
00:01:52THERE ARE A NUMBER OF ITEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE CIVIL WAR.
00:01:55OUR STATE HOUSE WAS DESIGNED IN
1838, AND CONSTRUCTION BEGAN
00:02:01PRIOR TO THE CIVIL WAR.
IT WAS NOT UNTIL THE BEGINNING
00:02:05OF THE CIVIL WAR THAT IT WAS
FINALLY COMPLETED IN 1861.
00:02:09RIGHT HERE, ON CAPITOL SQUARE IS
WHERE A NUMBER OF UNION ARMY
00:02:15TROOPS GATHERED AWAITING THEIR
ORDERS TO GO SOUTH INTO BATTLE.
00:02:19WHENEVER WE HAVE STEVE HERE IN
HIS UNIFORM, WE ARE OFTEN
00:02:25REMINDED OF THAT.
MUSICIANS JUST LIKE HIM WOULD
00:02:30HAVE BEEN ENTERTAINING ON THE
GROUND AND OFTENTIMES THEY SLEPT
00:02:35RIGHT HERE IN THE ROTUNDA.
OVER TIME, THERE HAVE BEEN A
00:02:39GREAT NUMBER OF THE EVENTS AND
INDIVIDUALS OF PROMINENCE THAT
00:02:44VISITED OUR GREAT STATE CAPITAL.
WE ARE SO PROUD OF A YOUR HERE
00:02:49TODAY AS PART OF OUR HISTORY.
WITHOUT ANY FURTHER ADO, A
00:02:54GENTLEMAN THAT IS SO GOOD TO THE
OHIO STATE HOUSE, A TRUE
00:03:00FRIEND, AND THAT KNOWS
EVERYTHING THERE IS TO KNOW
00:03:03ABOUT THE CIVIL WAR, AND OUR
STATE HOUSE HISTORY, STEVE BALL,
00:03:12AND I WANT TO PRESENT YOU WITH A
ONE-OF-A-KIND HAT FOR BEING WITH
00:03:17US TODAY.
LET'S WOW THIS CROWD.
00:03:21[APPLAUSE]
>> IS THIS SET?
00:03:25THAT IS A GOOD THING.
THANK YOU, GREG.
00:03:33I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL OF THE
PEOPLE TO AT THECSRAB FOR MAKING
00:03:40THIS POSSIBLE.
I PLAYED QUITE A BIT OF MUSIC AT
00:03:43THE STATEHOUSE FOR CIVIL WAR
EVENTS AND IT IS ALWAYS A GREAT
00:03:46PLACE TO COME TO.
BEFORE WE GET STARTED, THE FIRST
00:03:53THING I LIKE TO DO IS RECOGNIZE
ALL OF OUR VETERANS.
00:03:57THOSE OF YOU THAT HAVE SERVED,
WOULD YOU PLEASE RAISE YOUR HAND
00:04:02SO THE REST OF US CAN GIVE YOU
ALA HAND AND SAY THANK YOU VERY
00:04:06MUCH?
WE CERTAINLY APPRECIATE THAT --
00:04:09GIVES YOU ALL A HAND, AND SAY
THANK YOU VERY MUCH?
00:04:12WE CERTAINLY APPRECIATE THAT.
[APPLAUSE]
00:04:15I HAVE BEEN DOING THIS FOR 13
YEARS.
00:04:21I WAS INTERESTED IN THE AMERICAN
CIVIL WAR, SO MANY OF YOU MIGHT
00:04:26HAVE SEEN THE ARTICLE IN THE
DISPATCH, WITH A FLATTERING
00:04:31COLUMN ON ME, THAT MENTIONED I
AM A TRUCK MECHANIC.
00:04:38THE INTERESTING THING ABOUT THAT
AS I HAVE NOT GOT ANY LEADS FOR
00:04:42ANY MORE CIVIL WAR JOBS, BUT THE
JIFFY LUBE AND MIDAS MUFFLER
00:04:50OFFERED ME A JOB.
I WAS INTERESTED IN THE AMERICAN
00:04:53CIVIL WAR WHEN I WAS ABOUT 12
YEARS OLD.
00:04:57I HAVE A GREAT AUNT THAT LIVE IN
SOUTH COLUMBUS AND HAD A PICTURE
00:05:01OF THE UNION SOLDIER, AND SHE
SAID THAT WAS YOUR GREAT, GREAT
00:05:06CAN FATHER.
I SET -- GRANDFATHER.
00:05:11I SAID WHAT DID HE DO, AND SHE
HAD NO IDEA.
00:05:13ONE THING LED TO ANOTHER, AND I
BEGAN READING ABOUT THE CIVIL
00:05:21WAR, AND I HAVE BEEN INTERESTED
IN IT EVER SINCE.
00:05:25I FINALLY LEARNED ABOUT MY
GREAT, GREAT GRANDFATHER AND
00:05:28FOUND OUT HE SERVED IN THE 73RD
INFANTRY, AND LISTED IN 1861,
00:05:36FOUGHT IN THE BATTLE -- THE
SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN, THE
00:05:40BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE, THE
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, THE BATTLE
00:05:45OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, AND THE
BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE.
00:05:48HE REENLISTED.
HE JOINED GENERAL SHERMAN IN
00:05:541864 AND WAS ON HIS WAY TO
ATLANTA WHEN HE WAS SHOT AND WAS
00:05:59BADLY WOUNDED IN THE LEFT LEG.
HE RECOVERED FROM THAT, AND IN
00:06:04THE MEANTIME CONTRACTED
TUBERCULOSIS.
00:06:07HE CONTINUED FIGHTING WITH THE
UNIT.
00:06:09HE WAS MUSTERED OUT ON A MEDICAL
DISCHARGE IN LOUISVILLE, KY THAT
00:06:14IS A DATE IN HISTORY THAT WE
SHOULD NOW.
00:06:17THAT WAS THE DATE THAT THEY HONG
THE LINCOLN CONSPIRATORS IN
00:06:21WASHINGTON, D.C..
THAT IS MY TIED TO THE AMERICAN
00:06:28CIVIL WAR.
THE MUSIC OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL
00:06:31WAR -- THAT WAS THE LAST WAR
THAT MUSIC WAS AN IMPORTANT
00:06:35COMPONENT.
BACK IN AND DAY THERE WAS NO
00:06:39ELECTRONIC MEDIA, SO THERE WAS
NO OTHER WAY TO BE ENTERTAINED,
00:06:43BUT THOSE MEN WILL CUT TO A
BUGLE CALL, MARCH AND FOUGHT
00:06:48WITH DRUM QUARTERS, SANG
MARCHING SONGS, AND IN THE
00:06:53EVENING THEY SANG SONGS AND THEN
THE MOST TO THEM.
00:06:58THEY USED SMALL INSTRUMENTS LIKE
HARMONICAS, MOUTHPARTS,
00:07:04VIOLENCE, RECORDERS, AND GUITAR.
THE GUITAR I AM USING IT IS AN
00:07:091850 MARTIN GUITAR, A SIZE 1,
MODEL 21, BUILT BY THE MARTIN
00:07:15GUITAR COMPANY IN 1850.
THEY ARE STILL IN THE SAME
00:07:19PLACE, STILL BUILDING THE CARS.
-- TATARS.
00:07:25BEFORE ANYBODY ASKS, I DID NOT
BUY THIS NEW.
00:07:28[LAUGHTER]
>> THIS GUITAR NEW COST ABOUT
00:07:36$12.
TODAY, A GOOD SET OF STRINGS FOR
00:07:39IT COSTS ABOUT $30.
SO, WEB MOVING ALONG
00:07:45TO ANYONE THAT IS INTERESTED, I
S HAVE CD'S AVAILABLE.
00:07:57LET'S START OFF WITH ONE OF THE
EARLIEST SONGS.
00:08:00THIS IS CALLED JOHN BROWN'S
BODY.
00:08:04EVERYONE WILL THINK OF JOHN
BROWN, THE FAMOUS ABOLITIONIST,
00:08:07BUT THIS WNOT ABOUT HIM.
I WILL DO A COUPLE OF NURSES.
00:08:12A LOT OF THESE SONGS HAVE SIX,
EIGHT, 10, 12, 14 VS., AND IF I
00:08:18DID ALL THAT, SOMEBODY WOULD
HAVE TO ORDER PIZZA.
00:08:21>> JOHN BROWN'S BODY LIES A-
MOULDERING IN THE GRAVE
00:08:29JOHN BROWN'S BODY LIES A-
MOULDERING IN THE GRAVE
00:08:32JOHN BROWN'S BODY LIES A-
MOULDERING IN THE GRAVE
00:08:35HIS SOUL GOES MARCHING ON
THE STARS ABOVE IN HEAVEN NOW
00:08:44ARE LOOKING KINDLY DOWN
STARS ABOVE IN HEAVEN NOW ARE
00:08:49LOOKING KINDLY DOWN
STARS ABOVE IN HEAVEN NOW ARE
00:08:54LOOKING KINDLY DOWN
ON THE GRAVE OF OLD JOHN BROWN
00:08:56GLORY, GLORY, HALLELUJAH
GLORY, GLORY, HALLELUJAH
00:09:05GLORY, GLORY, HALLELUJAH
HIS SOUL GOES MARCHING ON
00:09:14>> THANK YOU.
OF COURSE, YOU HEAR JOHN BROWN'S
00:09:31BODY AND YOU THINK OF THE
ABOLITIONIST OF HARPERS FERRY
00:09:36OCTOBERS OF 1859 WHO WAS
CAPTURED AND TRIED FOR TREASON
00:09:41AND HUNG SIX WEEKS LATER.
THAT IS NOT ABOUT HIM AT ALL.
00:09:43IT STARTED OUT AS A GOSPEL SONG
IN 1848 IN NORTH CAROLINA
00:09:47WRITTEN BY A BAPTIST PREACHER
AND ITS ORIGINAL TITLE WAS
00:09:51BROTHERS WILL YOU MEET US ON
CANAAN'S HAPPY SHORES.
00:09:55IT HAD A VERY REPETITIVE VERSE.
BROTHERS, CAN YOU MEET US ON
00:10:01KANE AND'S HAPPY SHORES.
BROTHERS CAN YOU MEET US ON KANE
00:10:04AND'S HAPPY SHORES --
EVERYBODY RECOGNIZES THE GLORY,
00:10:08GLORY HALLELUJAH CHORUS OF "THE
BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC."
00:10:12BY THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR
THERE WERE FIVE VERSIONS.
00:10:15BUT KANE AND'S HAVE THE SHORES
WAS VERY POPULAR AND MOVES UP
00:10:19AND DOWN THE EASTERN SEABOARD.
IN 1854 AND SCOTTISH PRIDE BY
00:10:24THE NAME OF JOHN BROWN AND
MASSACHUSETTS BELONG TO THE
00:10:27MASSACHUSETTS LAW UNTIL MILITIA
GOT A PASS TO GO TO TOWN ON A
00:10:30SATURDAY NIGHT.
HE WENT INTO TOWN AND GOT A
00:10:31LITTLE TOO MUCH TO DRINK AND ON
THE WAY HE GOT BACK TO CAMP FELL
00:10:35OFF OF THE WAGON HE WAS RIDING
ON AND WENT UNDER THE WILL --
00:10:38WHEELS AND WERE KILLED AND A MAN
OF THE REGIMENT MADE UP "JOHN
00:10:44BROWN'S" BODY.
WHEN THEY ANSWERED THE CALL TO
00:10:48GO TO WASHINGTON, D.C., TO
DEFEND THE UNION, THEY TOOK
00:10:52THEIR MARCHING SONG WITH THEM
AND THEY DISCOVERED IT WAS GREAT
00:10:55TO MARCH IN DROLL TO.
THEY SANG IT WHEN THEY GOT THERE
00:10:59AND IT SPREAD LIKE WILDFIRE --
WILD FIRE THROUGHOUT THE ARMY OF
00:11:02THE POTOMAC.
IT HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH JOHN
00:11:04BROWN AT THE LISTENERS.
JOHN BROWN ABOLITIONIST,
00:11:08HOWEVER, AND 1859, THAT WAS THE
BIGGEST NEWS STORY OF THE 19TH
00:11:13CENTURY.
IT GOT INTERESTING PEOPLE
00:11:15TOGETHER AND CAUSED A LOT OF
PROBLEMS FOR THE COUNTRY.
00:11:17IT'S BETTER THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY
FOR THE 1860 ELECTIONS.
00:11:20INSTEAD OF HAVING WON NATIONAL
CONVENTION THEY HAD FOUR --
00:11:24ATLANTA, BALTIMORE,
PHILADELPHIA, AND ONE IN
00:11:27CHICAGO.
THE REPUBLICANS, OF COURSE, HAD
00:11:30WON IN CHICAGO AND THEY
NOMINATED MR. ABRAHAM LINCOLN
00:11:32WHO IS SITTING RIGHT BACK THERE
IN THE BACK ROW.
00:11:35ND VERY HANDILY BEAT THE
DEMOCRATS IN 1860 AND BECAME OUR
00:11:39FIRST REPUBLICAN PRESIDENT.
IT ALSO BROUGHT SOME INTERESTING
00:11:43PEOPLE TOGETHER.
ROBERT E. LEE WAS IN CHARGE OF
00:11:46THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS.
HE WENT TO HARPER'S FERRY TO
00:11:50CAPTAIN JOHN BROWN.
DISCOUNT RATE COMMANDER WAS JEB
00:11:54STUART, COMMANDER IN THE
CONFEDERATE ARMY UP UNTIL THE
00:11:56TIME HE WAS KILLED IN 1864.
WHEN THEY HUNG JOHN BROWN
00:12:02DECEMBER 2 FROM 1859, THE
APPEALS PROCESS WAS MUCH SHORTER
00:12:04-- THEY DID IT IN CHARLESTOWN,
VIRGINIA, AND IT BROUGHT THE
00:12:09CADETS OUT OF THE MILITARY
INSTITUTE TO WATCH THE EXECUTION
00:12:12AND HELP OR NOT THE AREA.
THERE WERE TWO MEN, THOMAS
00:12:16JACKSON -- THOMAS JACKSON WAS A
PROFESSOR AND HE BECAME THOMAS
00:12:20STONEWALL JACKSON DURING THE
FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN.
00:12:22THERE WAS A YOUNG MAN WHO LIVE
AND ARE THE UNIFORM TO WITNESS
00:12:26THE EXECUTION BECAUSE THEY
WANTED TO MAKE SURE THEY HUNG
00:12:29HIS DIRTY ABOLITIONIST, AND HIS
NAME WAS JOHN WILKES BOOTH.
00:12:33IT BROUGHT INTERESTING
CHARACTERISTIC.
00:12:35AS SOON AS LANDON WAS ELECTED,
SOUTH CAROLINA SECEDED FROM THE
00:12:39UNION, FOLLOWED BY 10 MORE
STATES, MAKING OF THE
00:12:41CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA.
LINCOLN WAS INAUGURATED MARCH 4,
00:12:461861, AND THE GOVERNOR OF SOUTH
CAROLINA BEGAN TO DEMAND CEMENT
00:12:50-- SURRENDER AT FORT SUMTER.
LINCOLN REFUSED AND ON APRIL 612
00:12:55FORT SUMTER WAS BOMBED BY
CONFEDERATE FORCES, STARTED THE
00:12:58CIVIL WAR.
THE LINCOLN FELT IT WOULD BE A
00:12:5990-A PROBLEM THAT WOULD GO AWAY
PRETTY QUICK, BUT MOST OF THE
00:13:03COUNTRY BELIEVED.
ONE THING HE SAID JOKINGLY WITH
00:13:07FIRST THINK THESE PEOPLE DID WAS
START STEALING OUR MUSIC.
00:13:09YOU TAKE HIS NEXT SONG AND
TURNED IT INTO THEIR NATIONAL
00:13:14INCOME.
IF YOU GO DOWN SOUTH OF DIXIE
00:13:16TODAY EVERYBODY WOULD STAND UP
AS IF IT WAS A STAR SPANGLED
00:13:18BANNER AT THE NASCAR RACE, THEY
STILL REVEL DIXIE, PLAYED FIVE
00:13:24TIMES AT JEFFERSON DAVIS'S
INAUGURATION.
00:13:26THEY CREATED THEIR OWN VERSION,
THE NORTHERN ARMY CREATED THEIR
00:13:29OWN VERSION.
THIS WAS THE WAY IT WAS WRITTEN
00:13:30IN 1858 RIGHT HERE IN THE STATE
OF OHIO IN MOUNT VERNON.
00:13:34>> OH, I WISH I WAS IN THE LAND
OF COTTON
00:13:39OLD TIMES THERE ARE NOT
FORGOTTEN
00:13:41LOOK AWAY, LOOK AWAY
LOOK AWAY DIXIE LAND
00:13:43IN DIXIE LAND, WHERE I WAS BORN
IN
00:13:46EARLY ON A FROSTY MORNIN'
LOOK AWAY, LOOK AWAY
00:13:50LOOK AWAY, DIXIE LAND
I WISH I WAS IN DIXIE
00:13:56HOORAY! HOORAY!
IN DIXIE LAND I'LL TAKE MY STAND
00:14:00TO LIVE AND DIE IN DIXIE.
AWAY, AWAY
00:14:05AWAY DOWN SOUTH IN DIXIE.
AWAY, AWAY
00:14:10AWAY DOWN SOUTH IN DIXIE
THERE'S BUCKWHEAT CAKES AND
00:14:17INJUN BATTER
MAKES YOU FAT OR A LITTLE FATTER
00:14:19LOOK AWAY! LOOK AWAY!
LOOK AWAY! DIXIE LAND
00:14:23THEN HOE IT DOWN AND SCRATCH
YOUR GRAVEL
00:14:28TO DIXIE'S LAND I'M BOUND TO
TRAVEL
00:14:30LOOK AWAY! LOOK AWAY!
LOOK AWAY! DIXIE LAND
00:14:33I WISH I WAS IN DIXIE, HOORAY!
HOORAY!
00:14:40IN DIXIE LAND I'LL TAKE MY STAND
TO LIVE AND DIE IN DIXIE
00:14:43AWAY, AWAY
AWAY DOWN SOUTH IN DIXIE
00:14:48AWAY, AWAY
AWAY DOWN SOUTH IN DIXIE
00:14:52[APPLAUSE]
>> THANK YOU.
00:15:09ONE OF THE PLACES THAT WAS
HARDEST HIT BY THE CIVIL WAR OF
00:15:12COURSE WAS WEST POINT.
THE PEOPLE THERE AT WEST POINT,
00:15:15THE STUDENT BODY AND FACULTY HAD
-- HAD TO DECIDE WHETHER THEY
00:15:18WOULD FIGHT FOR THE NORTH OR THE
SOUTH.
00:15:20THIS NEXT SONG WAS POPULAR AT
WEST POINT WHEN THE WAR STARTED
00:15:23AND THERE ARE A COUPLE OF
REASONS WHY I LIVE TO -- TO DO
00:15:26THIS SONG.
FIRST OF ALL, IT WAS ONE OF THE
00:15:28EARLIEST LOVE SONGS OF THE CIVIL
WAR AND AN EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF
00:15:32HOW THE LANGUAGE WAS USED AT
THAT TIME.
00:15:35THE OTHER THING THAT IS
INTERESTING ABOUT THE TUNE IS
00:15:38WHEN I GO TO A CIVIL WAR EVENTS
LIKE A RE-ENACTMENT OF LIVING
00:15:42HISTORY, YOU HAVE GUYS RUNNING
AROUND WITH HORSES AND CANNONS
00:15:45AND RIFLES AND PISTOLS AND I
WALKED UP WITH A GUITAR AND
00:15:47PEOPLE LOOK AT ME AND AGO, WOULD
YOU DO, AND I SAY, A PLACE OF
00:15:52THE WAR MUSIC, WHAT WOULD YOU
LIKE TO HEAR.
00:15:54THEY SAY I DON'T KNOW CIVIL WAR
MUSIC.
00:15:55THEY SAY -- I SAY EVERYBODY
KNOWS SO WAR MUSIC OF A BILL
00:16:00THIS PRESLEY.
LOVE ME TENDER, OUT OF HIS FIRST
00:16:04MOVIE CALLED "LOVE ME TENDER"
WHERE HE PLAYED A CONFEDERATE
00:16:08SOLDIER.
THE ONLY MOVIE HE GOT KILLED IN
00:16:12-- AND THE NAME OF THIS TUNE WAS
ACTUALLY CALLED AURA LEE, AND IT
00:16:22CHANGED THE WORDS AND MADE IT
"LOVE ME TENDER" YOU HEARD A
00:16:26CIVIL WAR SONG.
THIS IS THE WAY IT WAS
00:16:28ORIGINALLY WRITTEN IN 1861.
? ?
00:16:32>> WHEN THE BLACKBIRD IN THE
SPRING
00:16:36ON THE WILLOW TREE
SAT AND ROCK'D
00:16:44I HEARD HIM SING
SINGING AURA LEA.
00:16:50AURA LEA, AURA LEA
MAID OF GOLDEN HAIR
00:16:57SUNSHINE CAME ALONG WITH THEE
AND SWALLOWS IN THE AIR
00:17:07IN THY BLUSH THE ROSE WAS BORN
MUSIC, WHEN YOU SPAKE
00:17:14THROUGH THINE AZURE EYE OF MORN
SPARKLING SEEMS TO BREAK
00:17:23AURA LEA, AURA LEA
TAKE MY GOLDEN RING
00:17:32I'VE IN LOVE RETURNED TO THEE
AS IN THAT SWEET SPRING
00:17:43AURA LEA, AURA LEA
MAID OF GOLDEN HAIR
00:17:49SUNSHINE CAME ALONG WITH THEE
%9PR)WALLOC
00:17:57[APPLAUSE]
>> THANK YOU.
00:18:15OR SHOULD I SAY -- THANK YOU
VERY MUCH.
00:18:18JUST HAD TO DO THAT.
AS 1861 MOVES ALONG ABRAHAM
00:18:24LINCOLN REALIZES THE CIVIL WAR
WILL BE A BIGGER PROBLEM THAN A
00:18:2790-ÑiDAY ONE.
HE APPEARS IN FRONT OF CONGRESS
00:18:31TO PERMIT FIRST TIME JULY 4,
1861, AND CALLS FOR 300,000 MORE
00:18:35VOLUNTEERS.
TWO WEEKS LATER WE HAD THE FORCE
00:18:37-- FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN IN
THE FIELDS OF VIRGINIA AND THE
00:18:42UNION ARMY WAS VERY, VERY BAD
DECIMATED AND PUSHED ALL THE WAY
00:18:46TO WASHINGTON, D.C.
IT WAS GENERAL BRAGG.
00:18:52PUSHED OUT WITH BACK TO
WASHINGTON, ONE OF THE MOST
00:18:55HUMILIATING DEFEAT OF THE WAR.
UP NORTH EVERYBODY IS TRYING TO
00:18:58WRITE A SONG TO RALLY THE UNION
TROOPS AND THE POPULACE.
00:19:01PEOPLE REALLY HAVE NOT COME UP
WITH A TUNE YET.
00:19:03THEY CAME UP WITH A TUNE CALLED
"MARCHING ALONG" BUT IT FEATURED
00:19:08MCCLELLAN THAT IN A MCCORD AND
IT DID NOT LAST VERY LONG.
00:19:12THEY WERE TRYING TO COME UP WITH
A HIGH SPIRITED TUNES TO BRING
00:19:14UP MORALE.
THERE WAS A GERMAN FROM CHICAGO,
00:19:18ILLINOIS, WHO WAS A COMPONENT --
COMPOSER AND OF THE PUBLISHING
00:19:23HOUSE AND HE WAS LIKE A VERY
MANILOW OF THE DAY.
00:19:25LOVE SONGS, PATRIOTIC SONGS,
GOSPEL SONGS, JUST AN ALL AROUND
00:19:31AND THOUGHT OF THE MISSION.
GEORGE FINALLY WROTE A TUNE
00:19:34CALLED THE BATTLE CRY OF FREEDOM
OR RALLY AROUND THE FLAG AND IT
00:19:37BECAME THE BATTLE CRY OF THE
UNION ARMY FOR THE ENTIRE WAR,
00:19:41AND IT GOES LIKE THIS.
>> YES, WE'LL RALLY ROUND THE
00:19:44FLAG, BOYS
WE'LL RALLY ONCE AGAIN
00:19:46SHOUTING THE BATTLE CRY OF
FREEDOM
00:19:48WE'LL GATHER FROM THE HILLSIDE
AND WE'LL RALLY ON THE PLAINS
00:19:51SHOUTING THE BATTLE CRY OF
FREEDOM
00:19:56THE UNION FOREVER, HURRAH! BOYS
HURRAH!
00:20:01DOWN WITH THE TRAITOR
AND UP WITH THE STAR
00:20:06WHILE WE RALLY ROUND THE FLAG,
BOYS
00:20:10RALLY ONCE AGAIN
SHOUTING THE BATTLE CRY OF
00:20:16FREEDOM
00:20:17WE ARE MARCHING TO THE CALL
OF OUR BROTHERS GONE BEFORE
00:20:22SHOUTING THE BATTLE CRY OF
FREEDOM
00:20:27WE'LL FILL THE VACANT RANKS
WITH 300,000 MORE
00:20:31SHOUTING THE BATTLE CRY OF
FREEDOM
00:20:37THE UNION FOREVER, HURRAH!
BOYS, HURRAH!
00:20:42DOWN WITH THE TRAITOR
AND UP WITH THE STAR
00:20:46WHILE WE RALLY ROUND THE FLAG,
BOYS
00:20:50RALLY ONCE AGAIN,
SHOUTING THE BATTLE CRY OF
00:20:55FREEDOM
[APPLAUSE]
00:20:59>> THANK YOU.
AS 1861 DRAGS ALONG ONE OF THE
00:21:10BIGGEST PROBLEM ON GOAL ABE BY
THE WAY PORTRAYED BY BOB
00:21:16BRUELGLER TODAY.
THANKS FOR COMING DOWN.
00:21:19THE DEMOCRAT AND REPUBLICAN
CLOTHING.
00:21:21[LAUGHTER]
NOT PICKING ON YOU OR ANYTHING.
00:21:25LINCOLN'S GOT A PROBLEM.
HE CAN'T FIND A GENERAL WHO WILL
00:21:28RUN THE ARMY AT POTOMAC.
HE GOES TO POPE, BELL, AND THEN
00:21:33BACK TO PULP -- FREMONT, ALL OF
THOSE PEOPLE.
00:21:36FINALLY GEORGE MCCLELLAN BECOMES
THE FRONT RUNNER.
00:21:39MCCLELLAN IS A YOUNG, HANDSOME
MAN, VICE-PRESIDENT OF A
00:21:42RAILROAD, WEST POINT GRADUATE,
HE WEARS FANCY UNIFORMS, RIDES A
00:21:47BEAUTIFUL BLACK HORSE AND HAS
GRANT REVIEWS OF THE ARMY OF THE
00:21:51POTOMAC UP AND DOWN THE STREETS
OF WASHINGTON AND DOES NO
00:21:53FIGHTING.
LINCOLN FINALLY TELLS AND IF YOU
00:21:56DON'T WANT TO USE THE ARMY, LEND
IT TO ME.
00:22:00I WOULD LIKE TO USE IT.
THAT DOES NOT WORK, I DID.
00:22:02IN OCTOBER 1861 MCCLELLAN
FINALLY SENDS PART OF THE ARMY
00:22:07ACROSS THE POTOMAC RIVER AT A
POINT CALLED BALLS BLUFF
00:22:11VIRGINIA.
THE CONFEDERATE ARMY IS WAITING.
00:22:13THEY ARE VERY POORLY PLANNED AND
LED AND THE UNION ARMY IS PUSHED
00:22:17ALL THE WAY BACK INTO THE RIVER.
DURING THIS BATTLE THERE IS A
00:22:21YOUNG MAN, A CAPTAIN IN THE
UNION ARMY, BY THE NAME WAS
00:22:24VOLUME GROWTH.
HE IS KILLED DURING THE BATTLE
00:22:26AND ONE OF HIS FAMILY FRIENDS
REALIZES YOUNG WILLIAM WILL NOT
00:22:29BE HOME FOR CHRISTMAS THAT YEAR.
HE WRITES A POEM CALLED "THE
00:22:33VACANT CHAIR."
GEORGE ROOT SEES THE PALM AND IN
00:22:37NEWSPAPER AND DECIDES TO PUT IT
TO MUSIC.
00:22:39ONE OF THE FIRST TRULY SAD SONGS
OF THE WAR, TALKING ABOUT A LOSS
00:22:43THAT WILL GO ON FOR YEARS.
THIS SONG AWAY HE WROTE IT WAS
00:22:47HARD TO PLAY AND SING AND OVER
THIS YEAR'S IT -- YEARS AND HAS
00:22:51BEEN ADAPTED TO EASIER MELODIES
EASIER TO PLAY AND SING AND THAT
00:22:53IS THE KIND I WILL DO FOR YOU
RIGHT NOW.
00:22:56THIS IS A COUPLE OF VERSUS OF
"THE VACANT CHAIR" FROM OCTOBER
00:23:01OF 1861.
>> WE SHALL MEET BUT WE SHALL
00:23:04MISS HIM
THERE WILL BE ONE VACANT CHAIR
00:23:06WE SHALL LINGER TO CARESS HIM
WHILE WE BREATHE OUR EV'NING
00:23:15PRAYER
HOW A YEAR AGO WE GATHERED
00:23:21JOY WAS IN HIS MILD BLUE EYES
BUT THE GOLDEN CORD IS SEVERED
00:23:31AND OUR HOPES IN RUIN LIE
WE SHALL MEET, BUT WE SHALL
00:23:45MISS HIM
THERE WILL BE ONE VACANT CHAIR
00:23:49WE SHALL LINGER TO CARESS HIM
WHILE WE BREATHE OUR EV'NING
00:23:56PRAYER
AT OUR FIRESIDE, SAD AND LONELY
00:24:05OFTEN WILL THE BOSOM SWELL
AT REMEMBRANCE OF THE STORY
00:24:09HOW OUR NOBLE WILLIE FELL
HOW HE STROVE TO BEAR THE BANNER
00:24:25THRO' THE THICKEST OF THE FIGHT
AND UPHOLD OUR COUNTRY'S HONOR
00:24:33WITH THE STRENGTH OF MANHOOD'S
MIGHT
00:24:40WE SHALL MEET BUT WE SHALL MISS
HIM
00:24:45THERE WILL BE ONE VACANT CHAIR
WE SHALL LINGER TO CARESS HIM
00:24:52WHILE WE BREATHE OUR EV'NING
PRAYER
00:24:59[APPLAUSE]
>> THANK YOU.
00:25:16IN 18 -- AS 1861 DRAWS TO A
CLOSE THE UNION HAS NOTHING TO
00:25:21BRAG ABOUT.
HUMILIATING DEFEAT, A GENERAL
00:25:24RULE WHO WILL FIGHT.
IN A STATE OF ILLINOIS THERE IS
00:25:27A UNION OFFICER WHO HAS BEEN
DUSTED OFF AND BY A POLITICIAN
00:25:31AND ASKED TO HELP RAISE
REGIMENS.
00:25:33HE DOES THAT AND IN 1861 HE
FIGHTS A FEW SKIRMISHES IN
00:25:36MISSOURI.
BY THE BEGINNING OF 1862 HE HAS
00:25:39RAISED A VENERABLE -- VERITABLE
ARMY ALL OF ILLINOIS AND MOVES
00:25:43SOUTH.
THIS MAN WOULD BE ULYSSES GRANT
00:25:46FROM POINT PLEASANT, OHIO, A
WEST POINT GRADUATE, HERO AND
00:25:50THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR OF
1846, THROWN OUT OF THE ARMY IN
00:25:551854 FOR BEING DRUNK ON DUTY.
WHEN MY FAVORITE STORIES ABOUT
00:25:58GRANTS AND, OF COURSE, SHERMAN,
WHO I WILL MENTION, THEY MET ON
00:26:02THE STREETS OF ST. LOUIS IN
1857.
00:26:05SHERMAN WAS ALSO A FAILURE IN
CIVILIAN LIFE.
00:26:08HE HAD JUST LOST HIS THIRD BANK
UNDER HIS CONTROL.
00:26:12GRANT IS ON A STREET CORNER IN
ST. LOUIS SELLING FIREWOOD TO
00:26:16FEED HIS FAMILY.
HE IS WEARING HIS OLD FEDERAL
00:26:19UNION OFFICERS FROM COAST TO DO
THAT.
00:26:21THEY TALK FOR A FEW MINUTES.
11 YEARS LATER SHERMAN WAS
00:26:27GENERAL OF ALL UNITED STATES
ARMY'S AND GRANT WAS THE
00:26:30PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
SO IF YOUR CAREER HAS TAKEN A
00:26:32DOWNTURN, KEEP YOUR CHIN UP.
ANYWAY, GRANTS STARTS MOVING THE
00:26:37SECOND WEEK OF FEBRUARY HE TAKES
FOR HENRY AND DONALDSON BACK-TO-
00:26:40BACK, GIVING THE UNION THEIR
FIRST VICTORY.
00:26:44WHEN THE CONFEDERATE COMMANDER
ASKED FOR SURRENDER CONDITIONS,
00:26:47GRANT SAID THERE ARE NO
CONDITIONS, IT IS UNCONDITIONAL
00:26:49SURRENDER.
OF COURSE, HE BECAME ULYSSES S.
00:26:53DANIEL GRANT WHEN THE
CONGRESSMAN WHO SENT HIM TO WEST
00:26:55POINT FILED -- FOULED UP THE
PAPERWORK.
00:26:57CADETS KIDDED HIM BEING U.S.
GRANT SO HE KEPT IT AND AFTER
00:27:03FOR DONALDSON HE CHANGED IT TO
UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER GRANT.
00:27:06HE AND SHERMAN TEAMED UP TO
FIGHT THE BATTLE OF SHILOH AND
00:27:10GAVE THE UNION THE FIRST MAJOR
VICTORY OF THE WAR.
00:27:12ALSO DURING THE BATTLE OF
SHILOH, ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON,
00:27:16COMMANDING OFFICER OF OF OF THE
BATTERED FORCES, IS SHOT AND
00:27:19KILLED ON THE BATTLEFIELD.
JEFFERSON DAVIS NEEDS TO REPLACE
00:27:22HIM AND HE DOES THAT WITH A
GENTLEMAN FROM VIRGINIA NAMED
00:27:26RAVI E. LEE.
RAVI E. LEE REALIZES HE NEEDS TO
00:27:29INVADE THE UNION AND THE UNION
HAS INVADED THE SOUTH, WITH
00:27:32GRANT AND SHERMAN MOVING THROUGH
TENNESSEE.
00:27:34LEE MOVES ACROSS VA.
THE FIRST THING IS TO HOLD
00:27:38MCCLELLAN'S OFF.
HE IS THREATENING RICHMOND,
00:27:41VIRGINIA, FOR THE FIRST TIME.
HE FIGHTS THE SEVEN-DAYS BATTLE
00:27:45IN JUNE.
THE UNION ARMY IS SO CLOSE THEY
00:27:47COULD SEE THE SPIRES OF THE
CHURCHES IN RICHMOND BUT THEY
00:27:50STILL DON'T TAKE RICHMOND.
MCCLELLAN GOES BACK TO
00:27:53WASHINGTON.
LEE, IN THE MEANTIME, MOVES
00:27:56ACROSS VA AND FIGHTS THE SECOND
BATTLE OF BULL RUN AND AGAIN
00:27:59BECAUSE THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
BADLY.
00:28:01ACROSS THE POTOMAC RIVER INTO
MARYLAND AND ON SEPTEMBER 17,
00:28:061862, THEY FIGHT THE SINGLE
BLOODIEST DAY IN AMERICAN
00:28:08HISTORY, THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM.
23,200 CASUALTIES IN 10 HOURS
00:28:14BUT THAT IS SOMEBODY BEING SHOT
EVERY SEVEN SECONDS, WHICH IS
00:28:17HARD TO BELIEVE WITH THE
TECHNOLOGY THEY HAD.
00:28:19THIS NET SONG BECAME VERY
POPULAR IN 1862 AND IT IS
00:28:23ANOTHER OHIO SONG.
IT STARTED RIGHT HERE IN THE
00:28:26STATE OF OHIO AND WAS THE MOST
POPULAR LOVE SONG OF THE
00:28:29AMERICAN CIVIL WAR.
THE TUNE, OF COURSE, IS CALLED
00:28:32"LORENA" BUT THE STORY IS
INTERESTING.
00:28:35THERE WAS A WOMAN NAMED MARTHA
BLOXUM CORNYN 8028 AND MOVED IN
00:28:42WITH HER SISTER AND BROTHER-IN-
LAW OVERLOOKING THE VALLEY,
00:28:46THEIR NAME WAS LANDE AND IT
OWNED FOUND A RESULT OF THE
00:28:50ESTATE.
MARTHA'S NICKNAME WAS ELLA.
00:28:57SHE WAS 22 AND FAIRLY PRETTY
GOOD RIGHT DOWN THE STREET THEY
00:28:59BUILD A NEW UNIVERSALIST CHURCH
AND WITH THAT CHURCH CAME A NEW
00:29:02MINISTER.
IT IS VERY FIRST CHURCH.
00:29:04HIS NAME WAS HENRY DE LAFAYETTE
WEBSTER AND HE AND MARK BECAME
00:29:10AN ITEM IN BELLE AND LOVE.
HE PROMISED HER THAT AS SOON AS
00:29:14HIS CONVERSATION WAS BIG ENOUGH
AND THEY HAVE LOTS OF MONEY THEY
00:29:16WOULD GET MARRIED AND HAVE A
FAMILY.
00:29:17A YEAR-AND-A-HALF LATER THE
CONGREGATION WAS THE SAME SIZE
00:29:21AND HE HAD NO MONEY.
MARTHA'S FAMILY SAT HER DOWN AND
00:29:25SAID THIS GUY IS A BUM, GET RID
OF THEM.
00:29:28POOR PENNILESS PREACHERS WILL
NOT GIVE YOU THE LIFE YOU
00:29:30DESERVE.
SHE BROKE UP WITH THE GUY AND A
00:29:32BROKEN HEART.
FOUR YEARS LATER HE WROTE A POEM
00:29:35ABOUT HEARD THAT WAS PUBLISHED
IN A CHURCH MAGAZINE.
00:29:37OF COURSE, HE DID NOT WANT
ANYBODY TO KNOW HE WAS PINING
00:29:40FOR MARCUS SO HE TITLED ITBERTH
A.
00:29:44THE POEM WAS SEEN BY J. WEBSTER,
A WELL-KNOWN COMPOSER, NO
00:29:48RELATION, AND J.P. WEBSTER ASKED
THE PREACHER IT BE GOOD BUT IT'S
00:29:52A MUSIC AND HE SAYS BERTHA IS
NOT GOING TO WORK -- WORK.
00:29:56HE SAYS YOU CANNOT USE MARTHA OR
ELLA.
00:30:01LEGEND HAS IT THAT HE TOOK
LETTERS OUT OF IT AND CAME UP
00:30:04WITH THE WORD LORENA AND IT
BECAME THE MOST POPULAR LOVE
00:30:09SONG OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR.
THE PREACHER WENT ON, HE MARRIED
00:30:14TWICE -- HIS FIRST WIFE DIED,
HIS FOUR CHILDREN.
00:30:17HE WAS A MEDIC IN THE UNION ARMY
AND DIED IN 1896 IN CHICAGO.
00:30:20J.P. WEBSTER BECAME FAMOUS FOR
WRITING "IN THE SWEET BY AND
00:30:27BY" AND THE WILDWOOD FLOWER THAT
THE CARTER FAMILY MADE FAMOUS IN
00:30:301927 BRINGING THEM TO THE
NATIONAL STAGE.
00:30:33MARTHA, AFTER SHE DUMPED THE
PREACHER, FOUND HERSELF A
00:30:38WEALTHY GUY BY THE NAME OF
WILLIAM JOHNSON.
00:30:40HE WAS A SUPREME COURT JUSTICE
FOR THE STATE OF OHIO AND SHE
00:30:43HAD THAT AFFLUENT, WEALTHY LIFE
SHE WANTED.
00:30:46SHE ADDS -- TWO CHILDREN WHO DID
NOT LIVE TO BE ADULTS.
00:30:49WILLIAM JOHNSON DIED IN 1899.
MARTHA LIVED ON UNTIL 1917.
00:30:55SHE WAS 89 WHEN SHE PASSED AWAY
IN MARIETTA, OHIO, AND SHE IS
00:30:59BURIED IN IRONTON.
IF PEOPLE ASK ME HOW YOU KNOW SO
00:31:02MUCH ABOUT ONE SONG?
HE GOT A BOOK ABOUT IT.
00:31:061963 A PREACHER FROM VIRGINIA
WROTE A SERIES OF BOOKS ON SONGS
00:31:12OF THE AMERICAN HISTORY --
ACTUALLY FOLKS SONGS AND GOSPEL
00:31:15SONGS AND HE INCLUDED LORENA AND
SHE WAS KNOWN AS THE SWEETHEART
00:31:20OF THE CIVIL WAR.
IN THE BOOK THERE ARE BRIDGES OF
00:31:22THESE PEOPLE AS YOUNG PEOPLE,
PICTURES AS OLDER PEOPLE, AND
00:31:25PICTURES OF THE TOMBSTONES.
LAST YEAR -- IT HAS BEEN A
00:31:28COUPLE OF YEARS -- I HAD
BUSINESS DOWN ON THE RIVER AND I
00:31:31THOUGHT I WILL JUST POP AND C
WERE MARKED UP IS BURIED.
00:31:35I TOOK THE FLAK FOR HER AND MY
GUITAR BECAUSE THIS WOMAN, KNOWN
00:31:39AS THE SWEETHEART OF THE CIVIL
WAR, WAS THE CATALYST FOR SUCH A
00:31:42POPULAR SONG.
I FINALLY FOUND HER GRAVE AND I
00:31:45PUT A FLAG NEAR HER TOMBSTONE
AND GOT MY GUITAR OUT AND SANG
00:31:48LORENA TO HER.
I FINISHED READING THE BOOK AND
00:31:53FOUND OUT SHE HATED THE SONG.
[LAUGHTER]
00:31:54IT IS ALL TIMING.
IN THE OTHER INTERESTING STORY
00:31:59ABOUT THIS WAS A FEW YEARS AGO I
WAS IN A DEPARTMENT STORE AND
00:32:02LOOKING FOR SOMETHING AND THIS
YOUNG WOMAN WAITED ON ME, SHE
00:32:04MIGHT BEEN 18 OR 19 YEARS OLD,
WHEN SHE WALKED UP AND SAID, I,
00:32:09MY NAME IS LORENA, AND NEVER MET
A REAL-LIFE LOREANA WAS FOR.
00:32:16I BEGAN TELLING ABOUT HER NAME
AND THE NEXT THING I HEARD ON
00:32:19THE LOUDSPEAKER WAS SECURITY ON
AISLE FOUR.
00:32:21NOT EVERYBODY IS AS EXCITED
ABOUT THIS STUFF AS I AM.
00:32:25THIS IS "LORENA," THE MOST
POPULAR LOVE SONG OF THE CIVIL
00:32:31WAR.
IN 1850 -- 1864 THE CONFEDERATE
00:32:34ARMY PER PROHIBITED THIS FROM
BEING PLAYED IN CAMP BECAUSE OF
00:32:40THE DESERTION IT CALLED.
>> THE YEARS CREEP SLOWLY BY,
00:32:45LORENA
THE SNOW IS ON THE GRASS AGAIN
00:32:48THE SUN'S LOW DOWN THE SKY,
LORENA
00:32:53THE FROST GLEAMS WHERE
THE FLOW'RS HAVE BEEN
00:32:58BUT THE HEART THROBS ON SO
WARMLY NOW
00:33:04AS IN THE SUMMER DAYS GONE BY
THE SUN CAN NEVER DIP SO LOW
00:33:16AS DOWN AFFECTION'S CLOUDLESS
SKY
00:33:26A HUNDRED MONTHS HAVE PASSED,
LORENA
00:33:36SINCE LAST I HELD YOUR HAND IN
MINE
00:33:44AND FELT YOUR PULSE BEAT FAST,
LORENA
00:33:48THOUGH MINE BEAT FASTER FAR
THAN THINE
00:33:55A HUNDRED MONTHS, 'TWAS FLOWERY
MAY
00:34:02WHEN UP THAT HILLY SLOPE WE
CLIMBED
00:34:08TO WATCH THE DYING OF THE DAY
AND HEAR A DISTANT CHURCH BELL
00:34:19CHIME
IT MATTERS LITTLE NOW, LORENA
00:34:24THE PAST IS IN THE ETERNAL PAST
AND OUR HEADS WILL SOON LIE
00:34:38LOW, LORENA
LIFE'S TIDE IS EBBING OUT SO
00:34:50FAST
THERE IS A FUTURE! O, THANK GOD!
00:34:56OF LIFE IT IS SO SMALL A PART!
'TIS DUST TO DUST BENEATH THE
00:35:08SOD
BUT THERE, UP THERE, IT'S HEART
00:35:18TO HEART
THE YEARS CREEP SLOWLY BY,
00:35:29LORENA
THE SNOW IS ON THE GRASS AGAIN
00:35:35[APPLAUSE]
>> AFTER THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
00:35:55LINCOLN HAD HIS FILL OF
MCCLELLAN AND NOVEMBER 1862 HE
00:35:59BY YEAR'S END.
HE REPLACES HIM WITH AMBROSE
00:36:02BURNSIDE, A RELUCTANT GENERAL,
BUT IT PICKS UP WITH THE FAMOUS
00:36:06CRY, ON TO RICHMOND.
IT TAKES THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
00:36:10ACROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER TO
A POINT CALLED FREDERICKSBURG
00:36:14AND TAKEN SEVERAL DAYS TO GET
HIS SUPPLY AND PLANS IN PLACE
00:36:16AND BY THE TIME HE DOES RAPIDLY,
JAMES LONGSTREET AND STONEWALL
00:36:20-- STONEWALL JACKSON ARE WAITING
FOR HIM AND IN TWO DAYS HE LOSES
00:36:2420,000 MEN.
JANUARY 1863 ABRAHAM LINCOLN
00:36:28ISSUED THE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION DID A LOT OF PEOPLE
00:36:30THINK THIS WAS THE END OF
SLAVERY, BUT IT WASN'T.
00:36:32WHAT THE AND ASK -- EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION DID WAS AFRAID THAT
00:36:37SLAVES ONLY IN THE STATES THAT
SECEDED FROM THE UNION, IT
00:36:41CHANGED THE WAR FROM THE WAR
ABOUT STATES' RIGHTS TO A WAR
00:36:44ABOUT SLAVERY.
IT WAS AN EXTREMELY INTELLIGENT
00:36:47MOVE BY LINCOLN.
THIS WAY IF THE SOUTH WANTED TO
00:36:49SURVIVE THERE WERE GOING TO HAVE
TO DEFEAT AND DESTROYED THE
00:36:52FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
AND LINCOLN SAID THE UNION
00:36:54CANNOT SURVIVE WITH SLAVERY AND
SLAVERY CANNOT SURVIVE WITH THE
00:36:57UNION.
AND IT CHANGED THE PLAINFIELD'S
00:37:01ALTOGETHER.
AMBROSE BURNSIDE MADE ONE MORE
00:37:03EFFORT TO INVADE VA IN FEBRUARY
OF 1863.
00:37:07THE FAMOUS MUGGY MARCH.
HE GOT THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
00:37:11STEP IN THE MUD FOR TWO WEEKS
AND WENT BACK TO WASHINGTON AND
00:37:14QUIT.
HE WAS REPLACED BY FIGHTING JOE
00:37:16HOOKER.
THE DISTINGUISHED THEMSELVES
00:37:19DURING THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM.
VERY EGOTISTICAL GUYS AND RIGHT
00:37:22AWAY HE SAID HE WOULD BE IN
RICHMOND BY THE END OF THE
00:37:25SPRING.
HE MET ROBBERY IN THE IN APRIL
00:37:28AND CHANCELLORSVILLE STATION.
THE UNION ARMY WAS VERY BADLY
00:37:31DEFEATED BY A MUCH SMALLER
FORCE.
00:37:33THIS WAS LEE'S MOST BRILLIANT
BATTLE AND IT IS STILL STUDY BY
00:37:37MILITARY INSTITUTIONS THROUGHOUT
THE WORLD TODAY.
00:37:39HOOKER SLINK BACK TO WASHINGTON
AND ROBERT E. LEE DECIDED HE WAS
00:37:43GOING TO INVADE THE NORTH AGAIN.
HE STARTED MOVING ACROSS VA.
00:37:47HE FELT THERE WAS TOO MUCH
FIGHTING GOING ON IN VIRGINIA
00:37:52AND NEEDED TO GET TO A PLACE
WHERE THERE WERE MORE SUPPLIES,
00:37:54CROPS, AND FOOD, SO THEY INVADED
PENNSYLVANIA.
00:37:56JUNE 27 OF 1863, GEORGE MEADE
REPLACED GENERAL HOOKER.
00:38:02GEORGE MEADE HAD THE JOB THREE
DAYS AND OF COURSE THEY FOUGHT
00:38:04THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
IT WAS THE FIRST VICTORY OF THE
00:38:09ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, THE FIRST
TIME ROBERT E. LEE HAD BEEN
00:38:11DEFEATED, AND A TURNING POINT OF
THE WAR.
00:38:14ON JULY 4, 1863, SHERMAN AND
GRANT HAD BEEN LAYING SIEGE TO
00:38:20VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI, FOR THE
PAST SIX MEET SPIRIT VICKSBURG
00:38:24SURRENDERS JULY FOR THINKING
THAT WOULD GET BETTER CONDITIONS
00:38:27FOR GRANTED THEY DO WHAT ON THE
FOURTH OF JULY AND GRANTS IS
00:38:30VERY KIND, HE PARTNERS 30,000
CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS RATHER THAN
00:38:34PUTTING THEM INTO PRISON CAMPS.
VICKSBURG WASN'T VERY BITTER
00:38:37ABOUT THIS BUT THEY DIDN'T
CELEBRATE THE FOURTH OF JULY
00:38:40BEGIN UNTIL 1946.
SO, IT WASN'T A POPULAR HOLIDAY
00:38:43WITH THEM.
PROBABLY STILL ISN'T.
00:38:461863, JULY, THE BATTLE OF FORT
WAGNER, SOUTH CAROLINA, THOUGHT.
00:38:52WHEN THE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION WAS ISSUED, IT GAVE
00:38:54A FREE BLACK AMERICANS THE RIGHT
TO ENLIST IN THE UNION ARMY.
00:38:58IN MASSACHUSETTS THEY DEVELOPED
WHAT WAS KNOWN AS IF -- AS THE
00:39:01FAMOUS 54, WHEN IT THE FIRST
REGIMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES,
00:39:05THE TROOPS AND THERE WAS A BAND
LEADER CALLED PATRICK GILMORE
00:39:08AND HE HELPED A FEW OF THE MEN
FIGHT THAT SONG.
00:39:10OF THE 54 WAS THE ONE THAT
INSULTED FORT WAGNER AND A MOVIE
00:39:15"GLORY" WAS ABOUT THEM.
THEY SHOWED EVERYBODY WOULD IN
00:39:21THE FIGHT FOR THEIR FREEDOM.
THE UNITED STATES COLORED TROOPS
00:39:24BY THE END OF THE WAR HAD
200,000 SOLDIERS.
00:39:26FULL AND LISTEN AND OF 200,000.
BY THE END OF THE WAR BUT THERE
00:39:32WERE ABOUT 180,000 STILL ACTIVE.
40,000 CASUALTIES.
00:39:36INTERESTING STATISTIC IS ABOUT
THAT IS THEY HAVE MORE MEN IN
00:39:40THE UNITED STATES COLORED TROOPS
THEN THE ENTIRE THE CONFEDERATE
00:39:44ARMY.
THIS WAS WRITTEN IN THE SPRING
00:39:46OF 1863.
FINDING SOME OF THE FAMOUS
00:39:50MASSACHUSETTS 54, AND IT GOES
LIKE THIS.
00:39:52>> FREMONT SAID WHEN THE WAR
HAD FIRST BEGUN
00:39:55HOW TO SAVE THE UNION
AND THE WAY IT SHOULD BE DONE
00:39:58KENTUCKY HAD ITS WAY
AND OLD ABE HE HAD HIS FEARS
00:40:02AND EVERY HOPE WAS LOST
BUT THE COLORED VOLUNTEER
00:40:09SO GIVE US A FLAG
FREE WITHOUT ONE SLAVE
00:40:13WE'LL FIGHT TO DEFEND IT
LIKE OUR FATHERS DID SO BRAVE.
00:40:17GALLANT COMPN'Y A WILL
MAKE THOSE REBELS DANCE
00:40:23AND WE'LL SAVE THE UNION
IF WE ONLY HAVE A CHANCE
00:40:30MCCLELLAN WENT TO RICHMOND
TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND BRAVE.
00:40:33HE SAID, KEEP BACK THE BLACK MAN
AND THE UNION I WILL SAVE
00:40:38LITTLE MAC HE HAD HIS WAY
AND THE UNION IS IN TEARS
00:40:43AND EVERY HOPE WAS LOST
BUT THE COLORED VOLUNTEER.
00:40:50GIVE US A FLAG, FREE WITHOUT
ONE SLAVE.
00:40:55WE'LL FIGHT TO DEFEND IT
LIKE OUR FATHERS DID SO BRAVE
00:40:59GALLANT COMPN'Y A WILL
MAKE THOSE REBELS DANCE
00:41:03AND WE'LL SAVE THE UNION
IF WE ONLY HAVE A CHANCE
00:41:08YES WE'LL SAVE THE UNION IF WE
ONLY GET OUR CHANCE
00:41:14[APPLAUSE]
>> OF COURSE, AND OF ALL OF 1863
00:41:30THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA IS
FELT -- FAULT IN GEORGIA, THE
00:41:34FINAL CONTEST VICTORY OF THE
WAR.
00:41:35GENERAL ROSECRANS FROM THE STATE
OF OHIO IS PUSHED BACK TO
00:41:40CHATTANOOGA AND THE SIEGE OF
CHATTANOOGA BEGINS.
00:41:42BY THIS TIME THE CONFEDERATE
ARMY WAS RUNNING OUT OF
00:41:44EVERYTHING.
THERE WERE RUNNING OUT OF MEN,
00:41:46AMMUNITION, WEAPONS, MONEY, AND
OF COURSE, THE BIG THING WAS
00:41:50FOOD.
THE STATE OF GEORGIA BEGAN
00:41:52SHIPPING HUGE BAGS OF PEANUTS TO
THE CONFEDERATE ARMY AND THIS
00:41:56LEADS TO ONE OF THE SILLIEST AND
STUPIDEST SONGS OF THE CIVIL
00:41:59WAR.
A LOT OF PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW
00:42:00WHERE I AM GOING.
DOWN SOUTH PEANUTS WERE CALLED
00:42:03GOOBER PEAS.
AFTER EATING THEIR LUNCH TWO
00:42:06SOLDIERS ON BOARD THIS SAT DOWN
AND WROTE A TUNE CALLED GOOBER
00:42:09PEQAS.
THIS BECAME ONE OF THE MOST
00:42:13POPULAR SONGS DOWN SOUTH AND IS
STILL IT IS.
00:42:16BY ALL I'VE HAD A TOP-10 HIT ON
THIS IN 1952 ON AMERICAN RADIO
00:42:20AND IT COMPLETELY BLOWS ME AWAY.
THIS IS THE MOST REQUESTED SONG.
00:42:24WHEN I GO TO IRAQ THAT SOMEONE
WILL WALK OF -- THE HECK WITH
00:42:27THE BATTLE HYMN OF REPUBLIC OR
DIXIE, THEY WANT TO HEAR GOOBER
00:42:30PEAS.
A LOT OF PEOPLE FOR SOME REASON
00:42:35NO THE SUN.
IF YOU KNOW IT, JOIN IN.
00:42:37WHEN WE DO THE RE-ENACTMENT ON
THE LAWN OF THE STATEHOUSE AND
00:42:41ABLE OR MAY, WE DO SCHOOL DAY ON
FRIDAY AND THEY BRING IN A
00:42:45COUPLE OF THOUSAND OF SCHOOL
KIDS AND I ALWAYS LIKE TO ASK
00:42:48ONE, THE WHAT A SAD SONG OR A
SILLY SONG AND THE KIDS ALWAYS
00:42:52WANT TO HEAR A SILLY SONG.
LEARN NOT TO DO THAT.
00:42:54I DID GOOBER PEAS 66 TIMES THIS
PAST MAY.
00:43:0066 TIMES, GREG.
I AM STILL NOT GOOD ON THE WORD
00:43:06SO IF YOU HELP ME OUT WE WILL
DO A FEW VERSUS OF THE SILLIEST
00:43:10SONG OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR.
>> SITTING BY THE ROADSIDE
00:43:13ON A SUMMER DAY
CHATTING WITH MY MESS-MATES
00:43:16PASSING TIME AWAY
LYING IN THE SHADOWS
00:43:18UNDERNEATH THE TREES
GOODNESS, HOW DELICIOUS
00:43:20EATING GOOBER PEAS
PEAS, PEAS, PEAS, PEAS
00:43:24EATING GOOBER PEAS
GOODNESS, HOW DELICIOUS
00:43:27EATING GOOBER PEAS
JUST BEFORE THE BATTLE
00:43:33THE GENERAL HEARS A ROW
HE SAYS "THE YANKS ARE COMING
00:43:36I HEAR THEIR RIFLES NOW."
HE TURNS AROUND AND WONDER
00:43:40AND WHAT D'YA THINK HE SEES?
THE GEORGIA MILITIA EATING
00:43:45GOOBER PEAS
PEAS, PEAS, PEAS, PEAS
00:43:47EATING GOOBER PEAS
GOODNESS, HOW DELICIOUS
00:43:50EATING GOOBER PEAS
I THINK THIS SONG HAS LASTED
00:43:57ALMOST LONG ENOUGH
THE RHYME IS KINDA SILLY
00:44:00AND THE WORDS ARE PRETTY ROUGH
I WISH THE WAR WAS OVER
00:44:03FREE FROM RAGS AND FLEAS
WE'D KISS OUR WIVES AND
00:44:07SWEETHEARTS
AND GOBBLE GOOBER PEAS
00:44:10PEAS, PEAS, PEAS, PEAS
EATING GOOBER PEAS
00:44:12GOODNESS, HOW DELICIOUS
EATING GOOBER PEAS.
00:44:16PEAS, PEAS, PEAS, PEAS
EATING GOOBER PEAS
00:44:19GOODNESS, HOW DELICIOUS
EATING GOOBER PEAS.
00:44:21[APPLAUSE]
>> IT ALWAYS GETS THE BIGGEST
00:44:38HAND, TOO.
IT JUST AMAZES ME.
00:44:40AS WE MOVE ON TO 1863 THE SIEGE
OF CHATTANOOGA IS GOING ON,
00:44:46GRANT AND SHERMAN GO DOWN TO
CHAT AND KNEW THAT AND A FIRE
00:44:49GENERAL ROSE AND GRANTS AND COME
UP WITH A PLAN, FIGHTING JOE
00:44:52HOOKER JOINS THEM AND THEY --
NOVEMBER 23, 1863, THEY FIGHT
00:44:58THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN
AND STOP THE SIEGE.
00:45:01A FEW WEEKS LATER THEY FIGHT THE
BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE.
00:45:04AS THE UNION ARMY CHARGES UPHILL
AND ROUTES THE CONFEDERATE ARMY
00:45:07DAY SCREEN CHICKAMAUGA ALL THE
WAY AND CHASE COMPETITOR
00:45:15SOLDIERS BACK INTO THE STATE OF
GEORGIA.
00:45:16THIS IS ONE OF THE LAST BIG
BATTLES OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL
00:45:18WAR.
MISSIONARY RIDGE WAS ALSO AN
00:45:19INTERESTING BATTLE, THE FACT
THAT THERE WAS A CAPTAIN IN THE
00:45:21UNION ARMY THAT WON THE
CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF HONOR,
00:45:25ARTHUR MACARTHUR AND IN 1880 HE
BECAME THE FATHER OF GENERAL
00:45:30DOUGLAS MACARTHUR ALSO WON THE
MEDAL OF ARMOR -- MEDAL OF HONOR
00:45:34IN 1942.
DO NOT KNOW HOW MANY FATHER-SON
00:45:38TEAM WHO WON THE CONGRESSIONAL
BUT THAT IS A HISTORIC ONE.
00:45:411864, GRANT AND SHERMAN HAD A
MEET IN CINCINNATI TO DECIDE HOW
00:45:46TO END THE WAR.
GRANT IS PROMOTED SHORTLY AFTER
00:45:49THAT BY LIEUTENANT-GENERAL OF
ALL THE UNION ARMIES.
00:45:52HE IS THE FIRST PERSON TO HOLD
THAT RANK IN THE UNITED STATES
00:45:56SENT GEORGE WASHINGTON.
GRANT AND SHERMAN DECIDE GRANT
00:45:58WILL GO TO WASHINGTON, TEAM UP
WITH GEORGE MEADE AND TAKE THE
00:46:02ARMY OF THE POTOMAC TO RICHMOND
AND 1864 AND SHERMAN WILL GO
00:46:06BACK TO GEORGIA AND HEAD TO
ATLANTA TO CUT OFF SUPPLIES.
00:46:09THEY DO EXACTLY THAT.
IN 1864 WHEN GRANT IN AID TO
00:46:15VIRGINIA, IN 16 DAYS LOSES
33,000 MEN.
00:46:17THIS IS THE BLOODIEST PART OF
THE WAR AND IT WILL ACTUALLY GET
00:46:20WORSE.
NO. THE MEDIA LABELED GRANT A
00:46:24BUTCHER.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS RUNNING FOR
00:46:25REELECTION.
HE WANTS TO BE REELECTED THAT
00:46:27NOVEMBER.
OF COURSE, HE IS RUNNING AGAINST
00:46:30NOBODY OTHER THAN HIS OLD BUDDY
GEORGE MCCLELLAN, WHO HE FIRED.
00:46:34MCCLELLAN IS RUNNING ON THE
DEMOCRATIC TICKET.
00:46:36HE HAS PROMISED THE COUNTRY THAT
IF HE IS ELECTED HE WILL MAKE
00:46:39PEACE WITH THE SOUTH AND SPLIT
THE COUNTRY FOREVER.
00:46:42LINCOLN NEEDS THE BEEN VERY GOOD
TO HAPPEN.
00:46:46JULY 30 OF THE SIEGE OF
PETERSBURG BEGINS.
00:46:48GRANT AND LEE OUTFLANK EACH
OTHER UNTIL THEY GO COMPLETELY
00:46:52PASSED RICHMOND AND WIND UP IN
PETERSBURG.
00:46:54THE SIEGE OF PETERSBURG IS THE
BLOODIEST PART OF THE WAR.
00:46:57FROM JULY 30, 1864, TO THE
SECOND WEEK OF APRIL, THE
00:47:02AMERICAN CIVIL WAR CLAIMS
150,000 LIVES, WHICH IS HARD TO
00:47:06BELIEVE.
AN AVERAGE OF 11,000 MEN AND A
00:47:09WEEK.
UNBELIEVABLE BY TODAY'S
00:47:11STANDARDS.
ANYWAY, UP NORTH, GRANT IS A
00:47:15BUTCHER AND SHERMAN IS MOVING
THROUGH GEORGIA AND THE SECOND
00:47:17WEEK OF SEPTEMBER THE BATTLE OF
ATLANTA IS BOUGHT AND ATLANTA
00:47:21FALLS TO GENERAL SHERMAN.
THIS REASSURES THE PEOPLE UP
00:47:24NORTH THEY WILL TRULY HAVE A
VICTORY.
00:47:26ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS REELECTED AS
A RESULT OF THAT VICTORY.
00:47:28NOW, EVERYBODY OF NORTH BY THIS
TIME TRULY FEELS THE CONFEDERACY
00:47:34IS ABOUT TO GIVE UP.
A YOUNG LADY BY THE NAME OF IN
00:47:37THE GILLMOR, THE YOUNGER SISTER
OF PATRICK GILLMOR WHO WROTE THE
00:47:41FIGHTING 54 SOME WROTE TO HER
BROTHER.
00:47:43SHE IS ENGAGED TO A CAPTAIN IN
THE UNION ARMY BY THE NAME OF
00:47:46JOHN.
SHE GOES TO BROTHER AND ASKED IF
00:47:49YOU COULD WRITE A SONG FOR
JOHNNY WHEN HE COMES MARCHING
00:47:52HOME.
GILLMOR BEING A LEADING
00:47:54COMPOSER TOOK THE IRISH BALLAD
JOHNNY, WE HARDLY KNEW YOU, AND
00:47:58CHANGE THE WORDS AND CAME UP
WITH "WHEN JOHNNY COMES MARCHING
00:48:02HOME."
IT GOES LIKE THIS.
00:48:03>> WHEN JOHNNY COMES MARCHING
HOME AGAIN
00:48:07HURRAH! HURRAH!
WE'LL GIVE HIM A HEARTY WELCOME
00:48:11THEN
HURRAH! HURRAH!
00:48:13THE MEN WILL CHEER THE BOYS WILL
SHOUT
00:48:15THE LADIES THEY WILL ALL TURN
OUT
00:48:16WE'LL ALL FEEL GAY WHEN
JOHNNY COMES MARCHING HOME
00:48:19LET LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP ON THAT
DAY
00:48:23HURRAH, HURRAH!
THE CHOICEST TREASURES THEN
00:48:25DISPLAY
HURRAH, HURRAH!
00:48:27AND LET EACH ONE PERFORM SOME
PART
00:48:31TO FILL WITH JOY THE WARRIOR'S
HEART
00:48:34WE'LL ALL FEEL GAY WHEN
JOHNNY COMES MARCHING HOME
00:48:38LET LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP ON THAT
DAY
00:48:44HURRAH, HURRAH!
THE CHOICEST TREASURES THEN
00:48:47DISPLAY
HURRAH, HURRAH!
00:48:49AND LET EACH ONE PERFORM SOME
PART
00:48:51TO FILL WITH JOY THE WARRIOR'S
HEART
00:48:53WE'LL ALL FEEL GAY WHEN
JOHNNY COMES MARCHING HOME
00:48:58WE'LL ALL FEEL GAY WHEN JOHNNY
COMES MARCHING HOME
00:49:01[APPLAUSE]
>> THANK YOU.
00:49:16AS 1864 DRAWS TO A CLOSE SHERMAN
COMES UP WITH A PLAN.
00:49:20HE IS SITTING IN ATLANTA, AND HE
DOESN'T WANT TO RISK HIS ARMY
00:49:23AND ANOTHER MAJOR BATTLE.
HE KNOWS THE CONFEDERACY IS
00:49:26DEFEATED.
HE WILL NOT HAVE HIS MEN SHOT
00:49:28NEEDLESSLY.
HE COMES UP WITH A PLAN TO MAKE
00:49:31GEORGIA HOWL -- EXACTLY WHAT HE
SAID HE WAS GOING TO DO.
00:49:34HE SPLITS THE ARMY OF 50,000 MEN
INTO FOUR COLUMNS -- 60 MILES
00:49:39WIDE DAY MARCH 300 MILES TO
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, THE FAMOUS
00:49:43MARCH TO THE SEA, AN ARMY OF THE
CUMBERLAND DESTROYS EVERYTHING
00:49:46IN ITS PATH.
OF COURSE, HE COMES OUT IN FRONT
00:49:49OF SAVANNAH JUST BEFORE
CHRISTMAS OF 1864, SENDS LINCOLN
00:49:52A FAMOUS TELEGRAM, FOR
CHRISTMAS, A GIDDY THE CITY OF
00:49:56SAVANNAH AND 25 BALES OF COTTON.
SHERMAN CONTINUED TO MOVES
00:50:00THROUGH THE CAROLINAS.
THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND IS A
00:50:03FOUR-YEAR ARMY, MOST OF
VETERANS, THE ALL REENLISTED,
00:50:06THEY HAVE BEEN FIGHTING FOR A
LONG TIME.
00:50:08THESE WERE MIDWESTERN FARM BOYS
AND FACTORY WORKERS.
00:50:11THESE WERE NOT CRISP MILITARY
MEN OUT OF NEW ENGLAND.
00:50:15INDEED -- THESE GUYS DIDN'T JOIN
TO BECOME SOLDIERS, THEY JOINED
00:50:18THE UNION ARMY TO SAVE THEIR
COUNTRY.
00:50:20THEY DON'T FOLLOW MILITARY
PROTOCOL VERY WELL AND NOT A
00:50:23VERY WELL DISCIPLINED GROUP OF
MEN BUT THEY DO KNOW HOW TO
00:50:25FIGHT AND THEY DO KNOW HOW TO
DESTROY THINGS.
00:50:28WHEN THEY GET INTO SOUTH
CAROLINA THEY REALIZE THIS IS
00:50:31THE STATE THAT STARTED THIS
MESS.
00:50:32IT IF YOU THINK THEY TORE UP
GEORGIA THEY DO A NUMBER OF
00:50:35SOUTH CAROLINA.
THEY CONTINUE MOVING NORTH,
00:50:37CUTTING OFF LEE'S SUPPLIES BUT
THIS NEXT SONG WAS WRITTEN IN
00:50:42JANUARY OF 1865 TO COMMEMORATE
GERMAN'S FAMOUS MARCH TO THE
00:50:45SEA.
OF COURSE, IT IS CALLED MARCHING
00:50:48THROUGH GEORGIA.
BEN SHERMAN RETIRED AS THE HEAD
00:50:51OF ALL ARMIES IN THE NIGHT
STATES AND HE WENT TO
00:50:54CONVENTIONS AND TALKED OF HIS
VETERANS AND HAD DINNER OFTEN
00:50:57WITH THEM AND IN MASSACHUSETTS
AND 1890 HE WAS OUT THERE HAVING
00:51:01DINNER.
HE WAS ASKED TO MAKE A FEW
00:51:03REMARKS.
HE WALKED UP TO THE PODIUM.
00:51:05OF COURSE, THE BRASS BAND IN THE
CORNER STRIKES OF "MARCHING
00:51:10THROUGH GEORGIA."
HE OPENED HIS TALK BY SAYING --
00:51:13YOU KNOW, I HIT IT THAT SOME THE
FIRST TIME I HEARD IT AND I
00:51:16HATED IT AND MORE TODAY.
I DON'T WANT TO HEAR IT AGAIN.
00:51:19IF YOU WANT ME TO COME NEXT YEAR
IT YOU HAVE TO PROMISE YOU WILL
00:51:23NOT PLAY MARCHING THROUGH
GEORGIA.
00:51:24HE DIED LATER THAT YEAR SO THEY
PLAYED IT AT HIS FUNERAL.
00:51:28WE OUGHT TO FIX HIM UP WITH
MARTHA.
00:51:31THIS IS "MARCHING THROUGH
GEORGIA."
00:51:36>> BRING THE GOOD OL' BUGLE
BOYS!
00:51:38WE'LL SING ANOTHER SONG
SING IT WITH A SPIRIT THAT
00:51:39WILL START THE WORLD ALONG
SING IT AS WE ALWAYS SING
00:51:42IT SIXTY THOUSAND STRONG
WHILE WE GO MARCHING THROUGH
00:51:48GEORGIA
HURRAH! HURRAH!
00:51:51WE BRING THE JUBILEE
HURRAH! HURRAH!
00:51:54THE FLAG THAT MAKES YOU FREE
SO WE'LL SING THE CHORUS
00:52:00FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA
WHILE WE GO MARCHING THROUGH
00:52:06GEORGIA
SO WE CUT A THOROUGHFARE
00:52:10FOR FREEDOM AND HER TRAIN
SIXTY MILES IN LATITUDE
00:52:14THREE HUNDRED TO THE MAIN
TREASON FELL BEFORE US,
00:52:18FOR RESISTANCE WAS IN VAIN
WHILE WE WENT MARCHING THROUGH
00:52:23GEORGIA
HURRAH! HURRAH!
00:52:27WE BRING THE JUBILEE
HURRAH! HURRAH!
00:52:31THE FLAG THAT MAKES YOU FREE
SO WE'LL SING THE CHORUS
00:52:36FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA
WHILE WE GO MARCHING THROUGH
00:52:41GEORGIA
[APPLAUSE]
00:52:48>> THANK YOU.
AS WE MOVE INTO 1865 THE SIEGE
00:52:59OF PETERSBURG HAS BEEN GOING ON
FOR ABOUT FIVE MONTHS.
00:53:01LEAVE FINALLY RUNS OUT OF
SUPPLIES IN LATE MARCH AND
00:53:04STARTS TO MOVE TO THE WEST.
HE IS FLANKED ON THE SOUTH BY
00:53:08GENERAL GRANT AN ARMY OF THE
POTOMAC.
00:53:10HE MOVES TO REST -- WEST ACROSS
VA AND HIS RETREAT IS CUT OFF BY
00:53:14TAKE OUT EVERY GENERALS FROM THE
STATE OF OHIO.
00:53:17ONE, OF COURSE, IS GENERAL
PHILIP SHERIDAN -- SHERIDAN FROM
00:53:21SUNSET AND THE OTHER IS THE
INFAMOUS OR AS GEORGE ARMSTRONG
00:53:25CUSTER FROM -- THEY STOPPED THE
RETREAT 1865 APPOMATTOX COURT
00:53:30HOUSE AND AT NOON HE SURRENDERS
TO GENERAL GRANT.
00:53:33THAT NIGHT A TELEGRAM GOES TO
ABRAHAM LINCOLN AT THE WHITE
00:53:36HOUSE AND A CROWD SHOWS UP WITH
A BRASS BAND.
00:53:38LINCOLN GOES OUT AND SAYS A FEW
WORDS TO THE CROWD AND IT TELLS
00:53:42THE BAND TO PLAY DIXIE AND
WELCOME THE SOUTH BACK INTO THE
00:53:45UNION.
BY THIS STATEMENT A LOT OF
00:53:47PEOPLE FEEL DIXIE IS ONE OF
LINCOLN'S FAVORITE SONGS, BUT IT
00:53:50WASN'T.
HOME, SWEET HOME, WAS HIS
00:53:53FAVORITE SONG FOLLOWED BY THE
BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC.
00:53:55WE STARTED THIS PROGRAM OFF WITH
JOHN BROWN'S BODY AND EVERYBODY
00:54:00RECOGNIZED THE FAMOUS GLORY,
GLORY HALLELUJAH CHORUS BUT IN
00:54:041962 WHEN IT AMBROSE BURNSIDE OF
THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC TO
00:54:07PREDICT BIRD THEY MARCH THROUGH
WASHINGTON AT 2:00 A.M. IN THE
00:54:10MORNING, AND THE MEN WERE
SINGING JOHN BROWN'S BODY.
00:54:13THEY WILL GO JULIE HOW AND SHE
WROTE "THE BATTLE HYMN OF THE
00:54:20REPUBLIC.
" THIS IS THE MOST POPULAR AND
00:54:22FAMOUS SONG OF THE AMERICAN
CIVIL WAR.
00:54:23JUST BEFORE THE WAR BEGAN,
ABOLITIONISTS HAD TAKEN THE
00:54:29SAME TUNE, "JOHN BROWN'S BODY,"
CHANGED THE WORDS AND WROTE AN
00:54:35ABOLITIONIST SONG USING THE
COURSE.
00:54:37THE FIRST ARKANSAS REGIMEN OF
THE COLORED TROOPS TOOK THE
00:54:40BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLICAN
REWROTE IT AND TURNED IT INTO
00:54:43THEIR FIGHTING SONG.
THERE ARE FIVE VERSIONS OF THIS
00:54:45SONG BY THE END OF THE CIVIL
WAR.
00:54:47THIS IS "THE BATTLE HYMN OF THE
REPUBLIC" FROM 1862, THE MOST
00:54:51POPULAR TO AND AND I WILL ASK
ALL OF YOU TO JOIN IN AND SING
00:54:54ALONG.
MOST PEOPLE KNOW THIS.
00:54:56THIS WILL BE THE FIRST AND THE
LAST VERSE.
00:54:58IT GOES LIKE THIS.
>> MINE EYES HAVE SEEN THE GLORY
00:55:01OF THE COMING OF THE LORD
TRAMPLING OUT THE VINTAGE
00:55:04WHERE THE GRAPES OF WRATH ARE
STORED
00:55:06HATH LOOSED THE FATEFUL
LIGHTNING
00:55:10OF HIS TERRIBLE SWIFT SWORD
HIS SOUL IS MARCHING ON
00:55:14GLORY! GLORY! HALLELUJAH!
GLORY! GLORY! HALLELUJAH!
00:55:23GLORY! GLORY! HALLELUJAH!
HIS SOUL GOES MARCHING ON
00:55:35IN THE BEAUTY OF THE LILIES
CHRIST WAS BORN ACROSS THE SEA
00:55:41GLORY IN HIS BOSOM
THAT TRANSFIGURES YOU AND ME
00:55:45HE DIED TO MAKE MEN HOLY
AND WILL FIGHT TO MAKE MEN FREE
00:55:50WHILE GOD IS MARCHING ON.
GLORY! GLORY! HALLELUJAH!
00:55:58GLORY! GLORY! HALLELUJAH!
GLORY! GLORY! HALLELUJAH!
00:56:08HIS SOUL GOES MARCHING ON
[APPLAUSE]
00:56:19>> THANK YOU.
FIVE DAYS LATER, IT WILL 14,
00:56:331865, OF THE WAR HAD COME TO A
CLOSE, ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS
00:56:37ASSASSINATED BY JOHN WILKES
BOOTH AND HE DIES THE NEXT
00:56:39MORNING AT 722 A AND
THIS ONE SINGLE ACT PROBABLY
00:56:44SETS RECONSTRUCTION AND CIVIL
RIGHTS FOR THE SOUTH BACK BY 100
00:56:46YEARS.
NOW, THIS LAST BATTLE OF THE
00:56:50AMERICAN CIVIL WAR WAS FOUGHT
JUNE OF 1865.
00:56:52THERE WERE TWO SMALL ARMIES DOWN
IN TEXAS FIGHTING WHAT WAS KNOWN
00:56:55AS THE RED RIVER CAMPAIGN, AND
OF COURSE, THE LAST SKIRMISH OF
00:56:59THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR WAS A
CONFEDERATE VICTORY.
00:57:02THE 13TH AMENDMENT TO THE
CONSTITUTION WAS RATIFIED BY
00:57:05CONGRESS IN DECEMBER 1865.
THIS WAS A DREAM OF ABRAHAM
00:57:08LINCOLN, AND IT OF COURSE
OUTLAWED SLAVERY IN THE UNITED
00:57:13STATES FOR EVER.
THE LAST SONG THAT WILL DO CAME
00:57:16FROM THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, AND
OF COURSE, AN EXTREMELY POPULAR
00:57:19SONG AND ONE THAT EVERYBODY
KNOWS.
00:57:20IT IS ALSO A TUNE THAT HAS ONE
OF THE BIGGEST URBAN LEGENDS,
00:57:24MYTHS, OR LIES TOLD ABOUT IT.
EVERYBODY KNOWS "TAPS."
00:57:28MANY PEOPLE HEARD A STORY ABOUT
A BATTLE AND THE CIVIL WAR AND
00:57:32AFTER THE BATTLE A CHAPEL --
CAPTAIN IN THE UNION ARMY GOES
00:57:34TO THE BATTLEFIELD AND FINDS HIS
SON'S BODY WAS FIGHTING FOR THE
00:57:38CONFEDERATE ARMY AND IT GOES TO
THE UNIFORM HE FINDS THE NOTES
00:57:41TO TAX.
A LOT OFÑi PEOPLE TO LEAVE BELIE
00:57:44THAT IS WHERE IT CAME FROM.
"THE COLUMBUS DISPATCH" EVEN
00:57:48PRINTED THE STORY ONCE BUT IT IS
NOT TRUE.
00:57:50TASS WAS WRITTEN 1862 BY DANIEL
BUTTERFIELD OF THE UNION ARMY.
00:57:55AFTER THE CAMPAIGN IN 1962,
CALLED A SEVEN-TODAY'S CAMPAIGN
00:58:00BECAUSE THE SUDDEN AND LARGE --
NORTHERN ARMIES FOUGHT FOR SEVEN
00:58:03STRAIGHT DAYS, BUTTERFIELD
REALIZE HOW TIED HIS MEN WERE
00:58:07AND THERE WAS NO BUGLE CALL TO
BUT THE ARMY TO BED.
00:58:10THEY DID EVERYTHING ELSE WITH
THE DUAL BUT NO CALL TO TELL
00:58:12THEM WHEN IT WAS LIGHTS OUT.
HE SAT DOWN -- THERE ARE A
00:58:16COUPLE OF STORES.
ONE IS HE TOOK A FRENCH CALL
00:58:20FROM 1835, REARRANGED IT.
AND OF COURSE THE OTHER ONE IS
00:58:24HE JUST MADE IT UP AND "TAPS."
HE WAS AN AMATEUR MUSICIAN BUT
00:58:30HE CAME UP WITH WHAT HE CALLED
"TAPS."
00:58:33OLIVER NORTH WAS HIS BUGLER.
HE AND HIS OTHER -- WROTE FIVE
00:58:41VERSUS OF WORDS.
A LOT OF PEOPLE DON'T REALIZE
00:58:44THERE ARE WORDS TOT WORDSAPS"
AND PEOPLE SING IT, SUNG BY
00:58:48VOICE THOUSAND GIRLS THAT OFTEN
AND I KNOW PEOPLE WHO KNOW ALL
00:58:51THE WORDS, WHICH IS SURPRISING.
THE REASON THEY BEGAN USING IT
00:58:55AT FUNERALS IS DURING THE CIVIL
WAR WHEN THE DAIRY AND OFFICER
00:58:58IT WAS CUSTOMARY TO FIRE A
VOLLEY OVER THE GRAVE.
00:59:01IF FOUND OUT WHEN THEY FIRED THE
VOLLEY OVER THE GRAVE THE
00:59:04CONFEDERATE ARMY OPENED FIRE ON
THE FUNERAL PARTY SO RATHER THAN
00:59:07DO THAT LET'S JUST PLAYED "TAPS"
FOR THIS GUY AND NOT GET SHOT.
00:59:15I THE END OF THE WAR THE
CONFEDERATE ARMY DID THE SAME
00:59:18THING.
IT WAS WRITTEN IN THE ARMY
00:59:20MANUAL IN 1874 AS PART OF AN
ARMY FUNERAL ENDED 89 THE
00:59:24ADAPTED BY THE UNITED STATES
MILITARY MANUAL FOR ALL
00:59:28MILITARY FUNERALS.
GENERAL DANIEL BUTTERFIELD, I
00:59:30NEED TO TELL YOU A LITTLE BIT
ABOUT HIM.
00:59:31HE WAS A GOOD FRIEND OF FIGHTING
JOE HOOKER AND A DRINK AND
00:59:35CHASED GIRLS A LOT AND WERE NOT
VERY POPULAR DEMAND.
00:59:39BUT BUTTERFIELD, WITH HIS
ACTIONS IN THE SEVEN-DAY
00:59:42CAMPAIGN WON THE CONGRESSIONAL
MEDAL OF HONOR AWARDED AN 1890
00:59:46AND ALSO AT THE AMERICAN ARMY
OFFICER GIVEN CREDIT COMING UP
00:59:49WITH THE IDEA OF PUTTING PATCHES
ON UNIFORMS SO YOU KNOW WHAT
00:59:52REGIMENT, A UNIT, OR DIVISION
YOU BELONG TO.
00:59:54HE DID -- DIED IN 1902 ENDED
LAST MARCH IN THE WORLD IS HE
00:59:58WAS BURIED AT WEST POINT.
ONE OF SEVERAL PEOPLE BURIED AT
01:00:01WEST POINT THAT THE NOT ATTEND
WEST POINT AND THEY STILL DON'T
01:00:04KNOW HOW HE PULLED IT OFF.
HE HAS THE LARGEST MEMORIAL IN
01:00:07THE CEMETERY.
AS BIG AS A SMALL HOUSE.
01:00:09IF YOU EVER GET THERE, MAKE SURE
YOU SEE IT.
01:00:12I WAS SINGLE THE LAST VERSE TO
CLOSE THE PROGRAM TODAY AND WE
01:00:16WILL SEND THIS OUT TO THE
650,000 MEN WHO FELL DURING THE
01:00:20AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, ALL OF OUR
VETERANS WHO PAID THE ULTIMATE
01:00:23PRICE, AND ALL OF THEM WHO ARE
NO LONGER WITH US.
01:00:25? ? >> DAY IS DONE
GONE THE SUN
01:00:33FROM THE LAKE, FROM THE HILLS
FROM THE SKIES
01:00:42ALL IS WELL
SAFELY REST
01:00:49GOD IS NIGH ? ?
GOD BLESS AMERICA.
01:00:59THANK YOU ALL FOR COMING.
Note : Transcripts are compiled from uncorrected captions